[Implementation of the prevention program in the school dentistry system in the context of healthcare modernization]. / Realizatsiya programmy profilaktiki v sisteme shkol'noi stomatologii v usloviyakh modernizatsii zdravookhraneniya.

THE AIM OF THE STUDY: The aim of the study was to develop and implement a program for the prevention of dental diseases for school-age children based on an individual approach to treatment and preventive measures. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 1848 children aged from 6 to 17 were examined. The main observation group consisted of children from school No. 1694 in the South-Western Administrative District of Moscow (935 children), the comparison group with no prevention program consisted of children from school No 1206 (913 children) of the same Moscow district. The effectiveness of the prevention program was assessed in key age groups of children 6, 12 and 15 years old. The prevention program included the study of dental morbidity, assessment of the level of oral hygiene of children, parents and teachers, conducting sanitary and educational work, teaching children hygiene and monitoring its implementation, developing and implementing the individual plan of therapeutic and preventive measures for children of all age groups. RESULTS: As a result of the prevention program, the number of healthy children without caries increased. The introduction of a prevention program showed its effectiveness, the reduction of caries growth among 12-years-old children who participated in the prevention program over 5 years was 37%, and the number of healthy children increased by 15%. CONCLUSION: Carrying out a prevention program at school has shown that coordinated actions of parents, teachers and dentists lead to an improvement in the condition of hard tissues of the permanent teeth of schoolchildren, a decrease in the risk of inflammatory periodontal diseases in adolescence, and an improvement in the quality of individual oral hygiene. Of particular importance is the presence of a dental office and a dental hygienist in the school, for the possibility of carrying out preventive measures for children of all age groups.

Effect of a School-based Fluoride Mouth-rinsing Programme on Dental Caries.

AIMS: The objective of this study was to evaluate the posttreatment effects of a school-based fluoride mouth-rinsing programme (FMR) on the prevalence of dental caries. METHODS: We included 364 newly enrolled university students aged 20 to 25 years who were not in any FMR and 187 students who had previously participated in such programmes. We calculated the prevalence of dental caries in permanent teeth and the mean decayed, missing, and filled surfaces (DMFS) according to sex, age, participation in FMR, and dental health behaviours. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyse the association between dichotomous variables (caries present or absent) and demographic data, participation in FMR, and dental health behaviours. RESULTS: The difference in the prevalence of dental caries in permanent teeth between the subjects who participated in the FMR (51.3%) and those who did not (64.5%) was statistically significant. There were 39.6% fewer DMFS in the subjects who participated in the FMR at least during elementary school. The multivariate logistic regression model analysis demonstrated that subjects who participated in the FMR at least during elementary school were protected against dental caries as compared to those who did not. Age and sex were risk predictors of dental caries in adults, whilst other variables were not associated with dental caries. CONCLUSIONS: Participation in an FMR at least during elementary school is a predictor for the reduction in the prevalence of dental caries in permanent teeth.

Evaluation of Knowledge on Emergency Management of Avulsed Teeth Among Turkish Medical and Dental Students

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the knowledge of medical and dental students regarding the emergency management of avulsed teeth. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional survey study was performed on 1841 students. Medical (n=746) and dental (n=845) students from different universities were included in this study. A questionnaire about the emergency management of avulsed teeth was conducted on the students. Also, 250 medical students from 3rd grade were included in the study and trained. The questionnaire was applied twice, before and after the training on the subject. Results: The mean correct answer scores were similar among the medical students in different grades (p>0.05). There were no statistically significant differences between the trained medical students and clinical dental students' correct answer scores, but there was a significant difference between the pre-clinical (1st-2nd-3rd years) and clinical (4th-5th years) dental students (p<0.01). Conclusion: Medical and preclinical dental students had lack of knowledge about the emergency management of avulsed teeth, while clinical dental and trained medical students were very knowledgeable. This result indicates the importance of education (AU).

Comparación del desempeño técnico-asistencial en programas escolares con diferentes modalidades de implementación / Comparison of technical-assisstance performance in school programs with different implementation modalities

Se comparó el desempeño técnico-asistencial de 2 programas de atención odontológica con iguales protocolos de atención y diferente modalidad de implementación. Ambos programas se caracterizaron por un perfil preventivo-promocional; uso de protocolos validados según riesgo biológico, atención odontológica adaptada a sedes no convencionales, recursos asignados por método de necesidades; ejecución por recurso humano pre-profesional supervisado y modulación por altas. La modalidad de implementación difirió en la densidad/concentración de las actividades realizadas: en el Programa Extensivo (PE) las acciones se implementaron con frecuencia semanal; en el Programa Intensivo (PI) las acciones se concentraron en una semana en el año. Cobertura anual: PE = 120 escolares de 6 a 9 años de edad; PI = 180 escolares y preescolares de 3 a 12 años de edad. Se midió la cantidad de prestaciones, sesiones y tiempo -en minutos- hasta alcanzar el Alta Básica Operativa (ABO). Para comparar grupos (PI y PE) se utilizaron los tests: U de Mann Whitney, t de Student para mues-tras independientes, chi cuadrado y comparación de proporciones. La razón de prestaciones/sesión fue significativamente mayor (p=0,000) en el programa intensivo. El número de prestaciones hasta el alta (ABO) y la razón tiempo/sesión no mostraron diferencias entre programas (p=0,8 p=0,087), mientras que se evidenció una mayor razón tiempo/prestación y tiempo en alcanzar el alta (ABO) en la modalidad extensiva (p=0,000). La modalidad intensiva mostró mayor eficiencia en el desempeño técnico asistencial que la extensiva (AU)

Aim: To compare technical-care performance of 2 dental care programs with the same care protocols and different implementation modalities. Both programs shared the following features: preventive-promotional profile; use of validated clinical protocols according to biological risk, dental care adapted to non-conventional settings, allocation of resources by needs method; supervised pre-professional human resource and modulation by discharges. The implementation mode differed in the density/concentration of the activities: in the extensive program (EP) the actions were implemented on a weekly basis along the year; in the intensive program (IP) the actions were concentrated in one week in the year. Annual coverage of the programs: 180 schoolchildren and preschoolers (3 -12 years old); EP = 120 schoolchildren (6 - 9 years old). We measured the following variables: the number of dental services performed, the number of sessions and the time, in minutes, to reach the basic operating discharge (BOD). We used the following tests to compare groups (IP and EP): Mann Whitney U; Student's t for independent samples, chi square and comparison of proportions test. The action per session ratio was significantly higher (p=0.000) in the intensive program. The number of actions performed until discharge (BOD) and the time per session ratio did not show differences between programs (p=0.8 p=0.087). In the extensive mode, compared to intensive mode, it took longer to reach discharge (BOD) (p=0.000) The program implemented with intensive modality (PI) showed greater efficiency regarding technical-care performance when compared to the extensive mode (AU)

Enfermedad periodontal inmunoinflamatoria crónica y factores de riesgo en adolescentes de instituciones deportivas / Chronic immune-inflammatory periodontal disease and risk factors in adolescents from sports institutions

RESUMEN Fundamento: La enfermedad periodontal inmunoinflamatoria crónica se considera un problema de salud bucal a escala mundial; los deportistas también son susceptibles de padecerla. Objetivo: Identificar el estado periodontal de adolescentes de la Escuela de Iniciación Deportiva Provincial Lino Salabarría de Sancti Spíritus. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo de corte transversal durante el curso 2020-2021. La población se constituyó por 810 adolescentes de 7.mo a 12.mo grados de la Escuela de Iniciación Deportiva Provincial Lino Salabarría de Sancti Spíritus; se seleccionó la muestra de 36 mediante muestreo probabilístico, aleatorio simple estratificado. Se estudiaron las variables estado periodontal y factores de riesgo. Se determinó el estado periodontal mediante el índice de Rusell y la higiene bucal por el de higiene bucal simplificado. Resultados: Se constató que el 94.4 % de los adolescentes presentó gingivitis y solo el 5.6 % periodontitis. El 100 % presentó higiene bucal deficiente, el 94.2 % apiñamiento dentario y el 91.7 % cálculo dental. Conclusiones: La mayoría de los adolescentes presentó gingivitis y entre los factores de riesgo se constató la totalidad con higiene bucal deficiente y casi todos con apiñamiento dentario y cálculo dental.

ABSTRACT Background: Chronic immune-inflammatory periodontal disease is considered a worldwide oral health problem; athletes are also susceptible to it. Objective: To identify the periodontal state of adolescents from the Sancti Spíritus Provincial Sports Initiation School Lino Salabarría. Methodology: A cross-sectional descriptive observational study was conducted during the 2020-2021 school year. The population consisted of 810 adolescents from 7th to 12th grades from the Sancti Spíritus Provincial Sports Initiation School Lino Salabarría; the sample of 36 was selected by stratified simple random probability sampling. The variables periodontal state and risk factors were studied. Periodontal status was determined by Rusell index and oral hygiene by the simplified oral hygiene index. Results: It was found that 94.4 % of adolescents had gingivitis and only 5.6 % had periodontitis. 100 % presented poor oral hygiene, 94.2 % dental crowding and 91.7 % dental calculus. Conclusions: Most adolescents presented gingivitis and among the risk factors, all had poor oral hygiene also almost all had dental crowding and dental calculus.

A Technical Assistance Curriculum for Expanding Sustainable School-Based Oral Health Programs in the Carolinas' Dental Safety Net.

PURPOSE: School-based oral health programs (SBOHPs) provide opportunities to address oral health inequities by providing convenient access points for care. No published guidelines on SBOHP implementation existed. Our work describes how philanthropic, public, and academic organizations partnered to support dental safety net providers with designing comprehensive SBOHPs in North and South Carolina. DESCRIPTION: A multi-sector leadership team was established to manage a new SBOHP philanthropic-funded grant program organized into two phases, Readiness and Implementation, with the former a 6-month planning period in preparation of the latter. Readiness included technical assistance (TA) delivered through coaching and 15 online learning modules organized in four domains: operations, finance, enabling services, and impact. Organizations could apply for implementation grants after successful TA completion. Process evaluation was used including a Readiness Stoplight Report for tracking progression. ASSESSMENT: Ten Readiness grantees completed the TA. A variety of models resulted, including mobile, portable and fixed clinics. Descriptive analysis was conducted on the readiness stoplight reports. Components of the operation and finance domains required were the most time-intensive, specifically the development of policy manuals, production goals, and financial performance tracking. CONCLUSION: The program's structure resulted in (a) a two-state learning community, (b) SBOHP practice and policy alignment, and (c) coordinated program distribution. TA improvements are planned to account for COVID-19 threats, including school closures, space limitations, and transmission fears. Telehealth, non-aerosolizing procedures, and improved scheduling and communication can address concerns. Organizations considering SBOHPs should explore similar recommendations to navigate adverse circumstances.

Ambiente escolar como cenário de um estágio em atenção primária: análise político-pedagógica de vivências experimentadas / School environment as a stage of an internship in primary care: political-pedagogical analysis of experiences

Objetivo: analisar as significâncias político-pedagógicas de vivências experimentadas por estagiários de um curso de Odontologia em um ambiente escolar. Metodologia: estudo qualitativo transversalmente estruturado sob estratégia narrativo-descritiva e moldado à técnica argumentativa. Resultados: o "Estágio de Clínica Integrada em Atenção Primária" foi didaticamente sistematizado em dois períodos: "Pré-intervenção" e "Intervenção". Do primeiro, desvendaram-se duas ações: "Contextualização dos acadêmicos estagiários" e "Estruturação, ambientalização e levantamento de necessidades do ambiente de trabalho". Já o segundo foi guiado pelo instrumento "TPC" (Teorizar-Praticar-Criticar), em que todas as ações programadas seguiram a lógica ativa do planejamento estratégico, ou seja, contextualizadas às realidades do cenário de prática (ambiente escolar). Conclusão: das experimentações vivenciadas, algumas inferências se destacaram: a efetividade do instrumento "TPC" no direcionamento dos acadêmicos estagiários no planejamento estratégico de atividades de educação em saúde; o reconhecimento do ambiente escolar como território fértil para o desenvolvimento de ações promotoras de saúde; a importância de se disseminar, em espaços científicos, os aprendizados advindos de experimentações práticas de estágios.(AU)

Objective: to analyze the political-pedagogical significance of experiences experienced by trainees of a dentistry course in a school environment. Methodology: qualitative study transversely structured under narrative-descriptive strategy and molded to the argumentative technique. Results: the "Internship of Integrated Clinic in Primary Care" was didactically systematized in two periods, "Pre-intervention" and "Intervention". From the first, two actions were unveiled: the "Contextualization of the Interns" and the "Structuring, Environmentalization and Survey of Work Environment Needs". The second was guided by the instrument "TPC" (Theorize- Practice-Criticize), where all programmed actions followed the active logic of strategic planning, contextualized to the realities of the practice scenario (school environment). Conclusion: from the experiments experienced some inferences stood out: the effectiveness of the "CPT" instrument in guiding the trainee academics in the strategic planning of health education activities; the recognition of the school environment as a fertile territory for the development of health promoting actions; the importance of disseminating, in scientific spaces, the learning that comes from practical experimentation of internships.(AU)

School dental screening programmes for oral health.

BACKGROUND: School dental screening refers to visual inspection of children's oral cavity in a school setting followed by making parents aware of their child's current oral health status and treatment needs. Screening at school intends to identify children at an earlier stage than symptomatic disease presentation, hence prompting preventive and therapeutic oral health care for the children. This review evaluates the effectiveness of school dental screening in improving oral health status. It is an update of the original review, which was first published in December 2017. OBJECTIVES: To assess the effectiveness of school dental screening programmes on overall oral health status and use of dental services. SEARCH METHODS: Cochrane Oral Health's Information Specialist searched the following databases: Cochrane Oral Health's Trials Register (to 4 March 2019), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL, the Cochrane Register of Studies, to 4 March 2019), MEDLINE Ovid (1946 to 4 March 2019), and Embase Ovid (15 September 2016 to 4 March 2019). The US National Institutes of Health Trials Registry (ClinicalTrials.gov) and the World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform were searched for ongoing trials. No restrictions were placed on language or publication status when searching the electronic databases; however, the search of Embase was restricted to the last six months due to the Cochrane Centralised Search Project to identify all clinical trials and add them to CENTRAL. SELECTION CRITERIA: We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) (cluster or parallel) that evaluated school dental screening compared with no intervention or with one type of screening compared with another. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: We used standard methodological procedures expected by Cochrane. MAIN RESULTS: We included seven trials (five were cluster-RCTs) with 20,192 children who were 4 to 15 years of age. Trials assessed follow-up periods of three to eight months. Four trials were conducted in the UK, two were based in India and one in the USA. We assessed two trials to be at low risk of bias, two trials to be at high risk of bias and three trials to be at unclear risk of bias.None of the trials had long-term follow-up to ascertain the lasting effects of school dental screening.None of the trials reported the proportion of children with untreated caries or other oral diseases, cost effectiveness or adverse events.Four trials evaluated traditional screening versus no screening. We performed a meta-analysis for the outcome 'dental attendance' and found an inconclusive result with high heterogeneity. The heterogeneity was found to be, in part, due to study design (three cluster-RCTs and one individual-level RCT). Due to the inconsistency, we downgraded the evidence to 'very low certainty' and are unable to draw conclusions about this comparison.Two cluster-RCTs (both four-arm trials) evaluated criteria-based screening versus no screening and showed a pooled effect estimate of RR 1.07 (95% CI 0.99 to 1.16), suggesting a possible benefit for screening (low-certainty evidence). There was no evidence of a difference when criteria-based screening was compared to traditional screening (RR 1.01, 95% CI 0.94 to 1.08) (very low-certainty evidence).In one trial, a specific (personalised) referral letter was compared to a non-specific one. Results favoured the specific referral letter with an effect estimate of RR 1.39 (95% CI 1.09 to 1.77) for attendance at general dentist services and effect estimate of RR 1.90 (95% CI 1.18 to 3.06) for attendance at specialist orthodontist services (low-certainty evidence).One trial compared screening supplemented with motivation to screening alone. Dental attendance was more likely after screening supplemented with motivation, with an effect estimate of RR 3.08 (95% CI 2.57 to 3.71) (low-certainty evidence).Only one trial reported the proportion of children with treated dental caries. This trial evaluated a post screening referral letter based on the common-sense model of self-regulation (a theoretical framework that explains how people understand and respond to threats to their health), with or without a dental information guide, compared to a standard referral letter. The findings were inconclusive. Due to high risk of bias, indirectness and imprecision, we assessed the evidence as very low certainty. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: The trials included in this review evaluated short-term effects of screening. We found very low-certainty evidence that is insufficient to allow us to draw conclusions about whether there is a role for traditional school dental screening in improving dental attendance. For criteria-based screening, we found low-certainty evidence that it may improve dental attendance when compared to no screening. However, when compared to traditional screening, there is no evidence of a difference in dental attendance (very low-certainty evidence).We found low-certainty evidence to conclude that personalised or specific referral letters may improve dental attendance when compared to non-specific counterparts. We also found low-certainty evidence that screening supplemented with motivation (oral health education and offer of free treatment) may improve dental attendance in comparison to screening alone. For children requiring treatment, we found very-low certainty evidence that was inconclusive regarding whether or not a referral letter based on the 'common-sense model of self-regulation' was better than a standard referral letter.We did not find any trials addressing possible adverse effects of school dental screening or evaluating its effectiveness for improving oral health.

[The role of school dental service in the decrease of oral pathology in Omsk pediatric population]. / Rol' shkol'noi stomatologii v snizhenii stomatologicheskoi zabolevaemosti detei Omska.

The aim of the study is to analyze the oral health of school-aged children in Omsk in schools with and without dental service and to assess the efficacy of school dental service for the prevention of oral diseases. In 2016-2017 1103 12 and 15-years old were examined in school with dental service functioning for 15 years and in one with the absence of dental service for the last 21 years. The study revealed lack of preventive approach in school dental service. The main criterion for the assessment of preventive program realization and efficacy should be dental caries reduction and caries-free children rate but not the amount of treated and extracted teeth.

Brushing RemInder 4 Good oral HealTh (BRIGHT) trial: does an SMS behaviour change programme with a classroom-based session improve the oral health of young people living in deprived areas? A study protocol of a randomised controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Almost one-half of 12-15 year olds living in deprived areas of the UK have dental caries (tooth decay) with few oral health promotion programmes aimed at children of this age. Mobile phone-based interventions such as short messaging service (SMS) interventions have been found effective at changing certain behaviours and improving health outcomes. This protocol describes the BRIGHT Trial, investigating the clinical and cost-effectiveness of a behaviour change intervention-classroom-based session (CBS) embedded in the curriculum and a series of SMS delivered to participants twice daily to remind them to brush their teeth, compared to usual curriculum and no SMS-to reduce the prevalence of dental caries in young people from deprived areas. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the clinical and cost-effectiveness of a complex intervention to improve the oral health of young people living in deprived areas. METHODS/DESIGN: This is a school-based, assessor-blinded, two-arm cluster-randomised controlled trial with an internal pilot trial. Overall, the trial will involve approximately 5040 11-13 year olds in 42 schools with a 3-year follow-up. The trial will take place in secondary schools in England, Scotland and Wales. The primary outcome is the presence of carious lesions in permanent teeth at 3 years. Secondary outcomes are: number of carious teeth, frequency of twice-daily toothbrushing, plaque levels, gingivitis, child health-related quality of life and oral health-related quality of life. A cost-utility analysis will be conducted. DISCUSSION: The findings of the trial have implications for embedding oral health interventions into school curricula guidance produced by national bodies, including departments for education and dental public health and guideline-development organisations. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ISRCTN registry, ISRCTN12139369 . Registered on 10 May 2017.

Efectividad bactericida del diamino fluoruro de plata a diferente concentración sobre estreptococos cariogénicos en muestras de saliva y dentina de escolares: un estudio in vitro / Bactericidal effectveness of silver diamine fluoride in different concentrations on cariogenic Streptococcus in salivary and dentinal samples of schoolchildren: an in vitro study

La OMS y la FDI han publicado que entre el 60 y 90% de los escolares padecen caries. En nuestro país, el Sistema de Vigilancia Epidemiológica de Patologías Orales (SIVEPAB) 2012, reporta un 85% de caries a nivel nacional en población pediátrica. Los agentes anticariogénicos como el diamino y el fluoruro de plata son un tratamiento alentador, este agente puede actuar como bactericida o bacteriostático en función de su concentración y su capacidad para inhibir el crecimiento de estreptococos del grupo viridans, y por ende, de la caries. Problema: ¿Cuál es la efectividad bactericida del diamino fluoruro de plata (Saforide®) a diferente concentración sobre la microbiota cariogénica de escolares? Objetivo: Determinar la eficacia bactericida del diamino fluoruro de plata (DFP) a diferentes concentraciones en el crecimiento bacteriano de Streptococcus mitis, S. mutans y S. salivarius en muestras de saliva y dentina en escolares. Material y métodos: Se llevó a cabo un estudio experimental con una variable independiente, el efecto bactericida del diamino fluoruro de plata y se tomó el halo de inhibición como la dependiente. Se utilizaron medidas descriptivas como prueba de comparación y análisis de varianza usando post-hoc Tukey≠ con una confianza del 95%, y análisis de datos exploratorios. Resultados: Se analizaron 100 muestras, de las cuales 48.3% correspondió a S. mutans, 41.4% a S. salivarius y 10.3% a S. mitis, se obtuvo una mayor zona de inhibición para las tres bacterias al 38% mostrando una diferencia estadísticamente significativa 12% (p < 0.05). También se observó un efecto bacteriostático al 12%, no así para el 38%, donde se encontró un efecto bactericida Conclusión: Nuestros resultados sugieren que al 38% de la concentración hay un claro efecto bactericida en el grupo de estreptococos viridans y el 12% no se recomienda para la detención de caries debido al efecto bacteriostático (AU)

WHO and FDI have ruled that 60-90% of schoolchildren are affected by caries. In our country, the System of Epidemiological Surveillance of Oral Pathologies (SIVEPAB) (SIVEPAB) 2012. Report a rate of 85% of caries nationally in pediatric population. Anticariogenic diamino agents such as silver fluoride are an encouraging decrease in treatment for these high rates of tooth decay in our country, this agent can act as bactericidal or bacteriostatic based on their concentration and their ability to inhibit endogenous metalloproteinase (MMP-2, 8, 9). Problem: What will be the bactericidal effectiveness of silver diamine fluoride different concentration on cariogenic Streptococci saliva samples taken from school and dentin? Objective: Determine the bactericidal effectiveness Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) to different concentration on bacterial growth of Streptococcus mitis, S. mutans, and S. salivarius in saliva samples and dentin in school. Material and methods: An experimental study was conducted as an independent variable the bactericidal effect of silver diamine fluoride was taken as dependent inhibition halo. Descriptive measures were used as a comparison test and analysis of variance using Post-hoc Tukey with 95% confidence, and exploratory data analysis. Results: One hundred samples, of which 48.3% corresponded to S. mutans, 41.4% to S. salivarius and 10.3% to S. mitis, were analyzed, we obtained a larger zone of inhibition for all three organisms at 38% showing a statistically significant difference from 12% (p < 0.05). It was also observed that the 12% sample bacteriostatic effect, not to the concentration of 38% was found a bactericidal effect. Conclusion: Our results suggest that 38% concentration has a bactericidal effect on Streptococcus viridans group and 12% showed not recommended for the arrest or detention of dentine caries bacteriostatic effect (AU)

Caries-preventive efficacy of a supervised school toothbrushing programme in Northland, New Zealand.

BACKGROUND: Toothbrushing with fluoride toothpaste reduces the incidence of dental caries. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate a supervised school toothbrushing programme to reduce dental caries experience in children. BASIC RESEARCH DESIGN: Quasi-experimental study. All children had routine dental examinations at baseline using the ICDAS to record dental caries, along with bitewing radiographs. Half of the children were involved in a supervised toothbrushing programme. Examinations were repeated at the end of the school year. CLINICAL SETTING: Northland, New Zealand. PARTICIPANTS: 335 10-13-year-old New Zealand children with high caries experience. INTERVENTIONS: Half of the children participated in the supervised toothbrushing session each school day; the other half had no intervention. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Caries increment, determined by comparing the baseline and follow-up status of each tooth surface. RESULTS: At baseline, there were 335 children, of whom 240 (71.6%) were followed up. The ICDAS net caries increment for those in the toothbrushing group was a mean of 11.7 surfaces improved; the control group had a mean of 8.6 surfaces which had deteriorated. Caries incidence for those in the toothbrushing group was 7.3%; that for the control group was 71.5%. Multivariate analysis showed that membership of the brushing group was the only statistically significant predictor of a lower net caries increment. CONCLUSION: A supervised school toothbrushing programme can reduce caries increment in a population experiencing high levels of dental disease.

Avaliação dos Efeitos da Educação em Saúde sobre o Conhecimento e Comportamento de Higiene Bucal de Escolares / Evaluation of the effects of health education on oral hygiene knowledge and behavior of schoolchildren

Objetivo: Avaliar a eficácia de uma atividade de educação em saúde bucal realizada na Escola de Ensino Fundamental Nemésio Bezerra no Município de Quixadá ­ Ceará sobre o conhecimento e o comportamento de higiene bucal de escolares. Material e Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo descritivo e prospectivo com abordagem quantitativa. A amostra na primeira etapa foi de 86 escolares de 12 a 16 anos e de 79 na segunda etapa do estudo. Na primeira etapa do estudo, foi aplicado um questionário estruturado antes da atividade educativa e na segunda etapa, o questionário foi aplicado um mês depois, com a finalidade de avaliar se ocorreu mudanças nos hábitos e conhecimentos sobre a saúde bucal dos alunos. Os dados coletados por meio dos questionários foram submetidos à análise estatística descritiva. Resultados: Antes da atividade educativa, somente 78% (n=67) dos alunos tinham ouvido falar em saúde bucal, enquanto um mês depois, 96% (n=76) dos estudantes responderam já terem ouvido falar. Antes da atividade educativa, somente 17% (n=15) dos estudantes responderam que a hora mais importante de escovar os dentes era antes de dormir. Depois de um mês, aumentou 43% (n=34). Conclusão: Após a atividade proposta, verificou-se um aumento expressivo na quantidade de alunos que melhoram seu conhecimento e seus hábitos de saúde bucal. O estudo mostra o quão importante se configuram as atividades de promoção de saúde bucal que podem ser capazes de proporcionar mudanças consideráveis no perfil de saúde e na qualidade de vida das populações.(AU)

Objective: To evaluate the efficiency of an oral health education activity carried out at Nemésio Bezerra Elementary School in the city of Quixadá - Ceará on oral hygiene knowledge and behavior of school children. Material and Methods: We carried out a descriptive and prospective study with a quantitative approach. The sample in the first stage was 86 students aged 12 to 16 years and 79 in the second stage of the study. In the first stage of the study, a structured questionnaire was applied before the educational activity and in the second stage the questionnaire was applied one month later with the purpose of evaluating if there were changes in the habits and knowledge about the oral health of the students. The data collected through the questionnaires were submitted to descriptive statistical analysis. Results: Before the educational activity, only 78% (n = 67) of the students had heard about oral health, while a month later, 96% (n = 76) of the students answered they had heard. Before the educational activity, only 17% (n = 15) of the students answered that the most important time to brush their teeth was before bed. After one month, it increased 43% (n = 34). Conclusion: After the proposed activity, there was an expressive increase in the number of students who improved their knowledge and their oral health habits. The study shows how important are the activities of oral health promotion that may be able to provide considerable changes in the health profile and quality of life of populations.(AU)

Enfermedad periodontal autopercibida en escolares de 12 años de edad en Machángara, Cuenca, Ecuador, 2016 / Self-perceived periodontal disease in 12-year-old schoolchildren from Machangara, Cuenca, Ecuador, 2016

Determinar la frecuencia de enfermedad periodontal auto percibida en escolares de 12 años de edad, en Machángara Cuenca 2016. Estudio cuantitativo, de diseño descriptivo, observacional transversal. La muestra se calculó mediante fórmula en base a una población de 231 escolares obteniendo una muestra de 192 pacientes de 12 años de edad que dieron su asentimiento y que contaron con el consentimiento del padre o apoderado, los examinadores fueron capacitados para realizar las preguntas de auto percepción y ayudar con las dudas a los encuestados. Se utilizaron 11 preguntas de auto reporte de la salud periodontal validadas por Miller en el año 2007 y se realizó la adaptación transcultural a Ecuador. El 86% percibió tener enfermedad periodontal; la mayor prevalencia de autopercepción se dio en las mujeres, con 87%, no teniendo diferencia estadística con el sexo opuesto. Se encontró diferencia significativa en la prevalencia entre los diferentes tipos de gestión educativa (fisco misional-público). A la pregunta sobre el estado de salud bucal autopercibida, 38 % respondieron que percibían un estado regular seguido de bueno, con 31% y no sé con un 18%. Así, los porcentajes más bajos fueron de 3% para los estados excelente y malo. Existe una alta frecuencia de personas que autoperciben la presencia de enfermedades periodontales (AU)

Estado bucal en pacientes con fibrosis quística (FQ) / Oral status in patients with cystic fibrosis

En un estudio (Grasan, Sebelli, Anchava, Ferrari, y Biondi, 2016) se observó que niños con Fibrosis Quística (FQ) atendidos en un hospital revelaron menor patología dental comparados con pacientes sanos que concurrían a la Cátedra (FOUBA), siendo necesarios estudios comparativos con niños sin demanda de atención. Objetivo: determinar el estado bucal de pacientes pediátricos que concurren al Hospital Garrahan con diagnóstico de FQ y compararlos con niños sanos sin demanda de atención de la misma edad y sexo que concurren a una escuela pública del partido de Merlo, Buenos Aires. Método: Se empleó un diseño observacional, casos-control, en niños entre 3 y 16 años concurrentes Hospital (GFQ) y un grupo control de niños de la escuela (GS). A través de planillas se registraron datos personales, CPOD, CPOS, ceod, ceos, Indice de placa Silness y Loe, Hemorragia simplificado, Gingival Loe y Silness e Hipomineralización molar incisiva (HMI). Para la estimación de la prevalencia y otras variables cualitativas se calcularon las medias y desvíos estándar y Chi-cuadrado para las comparaciones. Resultados: cada grupo quedó conformado por 19 niños de 9+-6 años, 47% sexo femenino. Al comparar ambos grupos no se hallaron diferencias significativas en CPOD (p=0,236), CPOS (p=0,537), ceos (p=1,000), Indice de placa Silness y Loe (0,172) y Hemorragia simplificado (p=1,000) y HMI (p=0,001). Conclusiones: se concluye que los niños con FQ de la zona objeto del estudio, desde la muestra de 19 niños, no presentan diferencias en la salud bucal (AU)

Programa Saúde na Escola: análise dos fatores que interferem na atuação das equipes de saúde bucal / School health program: analysis of factors that affect the acting of oral health teams

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a atuação das Equipes de Saúde Bucal (ESB) no Programa Saúde na Escola (PSE), considerando a qualificação profissional, o planejamento de ações e a organização do processo de trabalho. Dados do PMAQAB (2º ciclo) relacionados às atividades da ESB nas escolas e creches foram analisados. A variável dependente foi a questão: "A ESB realiza atividades em escolas e creches?". As covariáveis foram questões relacionadas à ESB: qualificação profissional, educação permanente, planejamento de ações e organização do processo de trabalho, reuniões de equipe, territorialização e população de referência. Análise descritiva e modelos de regressão logística binária foram realizados, e odds ratio (OR), intervalos de confiança de 95% e valores de p foram calculados para avaliar a associação entre a variável dependente e as covariáveis. Todas as análises estatísticas foram realizadas no programa SPSS (versão 25.0). Este trabalho foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa sob nº do parecer 1.275.911. Dos 18.329 ESB, 92,5% realizaram atividades escolares. No modelo final, foram mantidas as seguintes variáveis: qualificação profissional (OR = 1,20; IC95%: 1,06-1,35; p <0,001); educação permanente (OR = 1,78; IC95%: 1,56- 2,03; p <0,001); planejamento mensal (OR = 2,45; IC95%: 2,07-2,89; p <0,001), monitoramento e análise dos indicadores (OR = 2,11; IC95%: 1,85-2,39; p <0,001); autoavaliação (OR = 1,57; IC95%: 1,39-1,78, p <0,001), participação (sempre) em reuniões (OR = 2,85; IC95%: 2,40-3,39, p <0,001) e programação das atividades considerando as vulnerabilidades (OR = 1,16; IC95%: 1,01-1,33, p <0,001). A capacitação profissional, o planejamento de ações, o monitoramento de indicadores de saúde e gestão, bem como a organização do processo de trabalho, associam-se positivamente com a realização de atividades da ESB em escolas e creches.

The aim of this study was to analyze the performance of the Oral Health Teams (OHT) in the School Health Program (SHP) taking into account professional qualification, planning of actions, and organization of the work process. Data from the PMAQ-AB (2nd cycle) related to OHT activities in schools and daycares were analyzed. The dependent variable was the question: "Does OHT performs activities in schools and daycares?". Covariates were questions related to OHT: professional qualification, continuing education, planning of actions and organization of the work process, team meetings, territorialization, and reference population. Descriptive analysis and binary logistic regression models were performed and odds ratio (OR), 95% confidence intervals, and p values were calculated to assess the association between the dependent variable and the covariates. All statistical analyzes were performed in the SPSS program (version 25.0). This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee with the number 1,275,911. Of the 18,329 OHT, 92.5% carried out school activities. In the final model the following variable were maintained: professional qualification (OR = 1.20, 95% CI: 1.06-1.35, p <0.001), continuing education (OR= 1.78, 95% CI: 1.56-2.03, p <0.001); monthly planning (OR = 2.45, 95% CI: 2.07-2.89, p <0.001), monitoring and analysis of indicators (OR = 2.11, 95% CI: 1.85-2.39; p <0.001), self-evaluation (OR = 1.57, 95% CI: 1.39-1.78, p <0.001), participation in all meetings (OR = 2.85, 95% CI: 2.40-3.39, p <0.001), and activities planned accounting for vulnerabilities (OR = 1.16, 95% CI: 1.01-1.33, p <0.001). Professional qualification, action planning, monitoring of health and management indicators, as well as organization of the work process are positively associated with OHTs performing activities in schools and day cares.

Silver diamine fluoride versus therapeutic sealants for the arrest and prevention of dental caries in low-income minority children: study protocol for a cluster randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Dental caries is the most prominent childhood disease in the world. In the United States, more than 50% of children have experienced caries. Untreated caries can have negative impacts on quality of life, academic performance, and school attendance. To reduce oral health disparities, multiple organizations recommend school-based caries prevention. METHODS/DESIGN: A longitudinal, cluster randomized, non-inferiority trial will be conducted in low-income children from primarily Hispanic/Latino backgrounds currently enrolled in public elementary schools in New York City, New York, United States, from 2018 to 2023. The primary objective is to compare the non-inferiority of silver diamine fluoride and fluoride varnish versus glass ionomer therapeutic sealants and fluoride varnish in the arrest and prevention of dental caries. Secondary objectives are to evaluate differences in effectiveness when care is provided by nurses versus dental hygienists and assess the impact of prevention on oral health-related quality of life and educational outcomes. Caries arrest will be evaluated after 2 years, and caries prevention and secondary outcomes will be assessed at the completion of the study. Data analysis will follow intent-to-treat, and statistical analyses will be conducted using a two-sided significance level of 0.05. DISCUSSION: The comparative effectiveness of alternative caries prevention delivery models is considered to be one of the highest research priorities in the United States. Many treatments are currently available to prevent and arrest dental caries. The simplicity and affordability of silver diamine fluoride may be a viable alternative for the prevention of dental caries in high-risk children. TRIAL REGISTRATION: U.S. National Library of Medicine, www.clinicaltrials.gov , ID: NCT03442309 . Registered on 22 February 2018.